TIL

Computer Basics

grasinnong 2022. 9. 17. 04:02

 

1. The 4 Basic Parts of Computer 

์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋Š” ํฌ๊ฒŒ 4๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.

- input

- cpu

- output 

- memory

 

๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ ํŒŒํŠธ๋Š” CPU๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. 

 

 

 

 

 

2. More Computer Hardware

 

- Input : mouse, keyboard์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์— ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•œ ์žฅ์น˜๋“ค 

- Output : ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ์™€ ์Šคํ”ผ์ปค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ถœ๋ ฅํ•ด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ 

- CPU : ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ. ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ž‘๋™์‹œํ‚ค๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” core ์žฅ์น˜์ด๋‹ค. 

- Memory : short term memory(LAM) or longer term memory(hard drive, cd-ROM)

 

3 more things

1. motherboard(also called mainboard)

๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ board์ด๋‹ค.

2. expansion cards(sounds, video cards)

 

3. power supply (์ „์› ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์žฅ์น˜)

 

 

 

 

3. Intro to Binary Code

๋ฐ”์ด๋„ˆ๋ฆฌ ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ž€ ๋งค์šฐ ์‹ฌํ”Œํ•œ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์–ธ์–ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋ฉด ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ”์ด๋„ˆ๋ฆฌ ์ฝ”๋“œ์—๋Š” ์˜ค์ง 0๊ณผ 1๋งŒ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค. 

- 1 : on

- 0 : off

 

keypoint : ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋Š” ์˜ค์ง ๋ฐ”์ด๋„ˆ๋ฆฌ ์ฝ”๋“œ๋งŒ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์“ฐ๋Š” ์ฝ”๋“œ๋“ค์€ ์ „๋ถ€ ์ธ์ฝ”๋”ฉ๋˜์–ด ์ „๋‹ฌ๋œ๋‹ค.

 

 

 

4. Decoding a Binary Number

๋””์ฝ”๋”ฉ : ๋ฐ”์ด๋„ˆ๋ฆฌ ์ฝ”๋“œ(0,1) -> ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฝ”๋“œ๋กœ 

์ธ์ฝ”๋”ฉ : ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฝ”๋“œ -> ๋ฐ”์ด๋„ˆ๋ฆฌ ์ฝ”๋“œ

 

 

์ง์ ‘ ๋””์ฝ”๋”ฉ์„ ํ•ด๋ณด์ž 

๋ฐ”์ด๋„ˆ๋ฆฌ ์ฝ”๋“œ : 1001011

 

1. ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ์—์„œ ์™ผ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ 2์˜ ์ง€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚œ๋‹ค. 

1001011 -> 2โถ 2โต 2โด  2ยณ 2ยฒ 2ยน 2โฐ 

 

2. ์ง€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ˆซ์ž๋กœ ์น˜ํ™˜ 

2โถ 2โต 2โด  2ยณ 2ยฒ 2ยน 2โฐ  => 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

 

3. 1์€ on ! 0์€ off ์Šค์œ„์น˜์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฐ”์ด๋„ˆ๋ฆฌ ์ฝ”๋“œ์—์„œ 0์ด์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ „๋ถ€ ์—†์• ์ค€๋‹ค. 

๋‚จ์•„์žˆ๋˜ ์ˆซ์ž๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋”ํ•ด์ฃผ๋ฉด 

64 32 16 8 4 2 1 => 64 + 8 + 2 + 1 = 75

 

์ •๋‹ต : 1001011 = 75

 

 

 

5. How to measure data size 

 

์ž‘์€ ๋‹จ์œ„ ์‚ฌ์ด์ฆˆ 

 

- bit : ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์‚ฌ์ด์ฆˆ ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž‘์€ ๋‹จ์œ„(๋ฐ”์ด๋„ˆ๋ฆฌ ์ฝ”๋“œ 1 ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ 0)

- nibble : 4 bit(0011, 1101)

- Byte : 8 bit(10010013)

 

 

ํฐ ๋‹จ์œ„ ์‚ฌ์ด์ฆˆ 

 

- KB(kilobype) : 1024 bytes

- MB(megabyte) : 1024ยฒ 

- GB(gigabyte) : 1024ยณ 

- TB(terabyte) : 1024โด 

- PB(petabyte) : 1024โต 

 

 

 

6. measuring data speed

data speed๋Š” bit๋กœ per second๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. 

 

*kilo bits โ‰  kilo bytes

 

์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œํ•  ๋•Œ 1์ดˆ์— audio๋Š” kilo bits๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œ ๋œ๋‹ค. 

- Audio = kbps = kilo bits per second

- Internet = megabits per second

- network = gigabits per second

 

*data size => bytes๋กœ ์ธก์ • 

*data speed => bits๋กœ ์ธก์ • 

 

 

7. Binary Bytes

๋ชจ๋“  numbers, alphabet, symbols, javascript code๋“ค์€ ์ „๋ถ€ binary bytes๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™˜์ด ๋˜์–ด ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. 

 

 

8. Type of computers

์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆŒ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. 

 

- super computer : parallel processing(๋ณ‘๋ ฌ์ปดํ“จํŒ…, ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ์‚ฐ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ)

- server computer : hosted server (๊นƒํ—™๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€)

- workstation computer: expensive personal computer(๊ณ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๊ฐœ์ธ์šฉ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ)

- pc : personal computer, very common

- microcontroller computer : tiny computer(in car)

 

 

9. More on the Motherboard

๋ฉ”์ธ๋ณด๋“œ๋Š” CPU์™€ ๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค. 

๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์†Œ 

expansion slots : ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ํšŒ๋กœ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์˜ ํผ๋ชจ๋จผ์Šค์— ๊ด€์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค (related CPU)

- graphics card

- sound card

- network/interface card

- pc/express card

 

์ž…์ถœ๋ ฅ ports

- usb

- firewire

- sd card

- audio 

 

 

10. Data Networks

network : ๋‘˜ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์™€ ์ด๋“ค์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋งํฌ์˜ ์กฐํ•ฉ.

 

- LAN(Local Area Network) : small group of computer to connect, local area! 

  ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ๋งŒ ๋˜๋Š” ์™€์ดํŒŒ์ด๊ฐ€ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋œ๋‹ค. 

 

2๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ์˜ local area computer network

- WAN : Wide Area Network : two local area ~ long , ๋ ŒํŠธ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ 

- VPN : Virtual Private Network(WAN)

 

 

11. IP Addresses

how the internet works? 

์ง‘๋“ค๋งˆ๋‹ค ๊ณ ์œ ์˜ ์ง‘์ฃผ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋“ฏ, IP Address๋Š” ๊ฐ ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋ถ€์—ฌ๋˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์†Œ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๋””๋ฐ”์ด์Šค ๊ฐ„์— ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ 

์ฃผ๊ณ  ๋ฐ›์„ ๋•Œ ๋ฐฐ์†ก๋ฌผ์ด ์ง‘์ฃผ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ip ์ฃผ์†Œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ณด๋‚ธ๋‹ค.

 

ip ์ฃผ์†Œ๋Š” location์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„๋‹ค. 

 

 

12. How the internet works

device, web server, modem ๋“ฑ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์— ๋‚˜์™€์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์žฅ์น˜๋Š” IP address๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์†Œํ†ตํ•œ๋‹ค. 

 

- device -> modem -> router -> DNS -> ๋‹ค์‹œ router๋กœ ์ „๋‹ฌ

 

 

13. software

ํ•˜๋“œ ์›จ์–ด : ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ง์ ‘ ๋ณด๋ฉด์„œ ๋งŒ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ 

 

์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด : ํ•˜๋“œ ์›จ์–ด์— ๋‹ค์šด๋ฐ›๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ(์ฝ”๋“œ๋กœ ์ž‘์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Œ)

- Operating system : windows, mas os, linux

- applications : mail, browser...(os ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ)

 

 

14. Content Delivery Networks(CDN)

CDN์ด ํ•˜๋Š”์ผ : faster, somoother user experience content ์ „๋‹ฌ 

- Sites pay CDNs

- CDNs pay ISPs

 

์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ CDN : ์ œ์ด์ฟผ๋ฆฌ

 

CDN is in everywhere

 

 

15. Analog vs Digital 

์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‚ ๋กœ๊ทธ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ํŒŒ์ผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ํ• ๊นŒ?

 

์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋Š” ์•„๋‚ ๋กœ๊ทธ์™€ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ํฌ์ธํŠธ(ํŒŒ๋ž€์ƒ‰)๋“ค์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค. 

์ด๊ฒƒ์„ sampling, degital sampling์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค.

 

data compression! 

 

 

 

 

17. How routers and packets work

๋ผ์šฐํ„ฐ๋Š” ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง€์—ญ ๋ฒ”์œ„์˜ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

 

์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์œ„์น˜๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋””์ธ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ผ์šฐํ„ฐ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

 

์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์—๊ฒŒ ์ „์†กํ•˜๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ์ž‘์€ ๋‹จ์œ„์˜ ๋ฐ”์ด๋„ˆ๋ฆฌ ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ํŒจํ‚ท์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค. 

 

example of packet

 

๋„ˆ๋ฌด ํฐ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ํŒจํ‚ท์€ ์ž‘์€ ํŒจํ‚ท์œผ๋กœ ์ชผ๊ฐœ์ ธ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋œ๋‹ค. ํŒจํ‚ท๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๋ผ์šฐํ„ฐ๋กœ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋˜์–ด ip address๋กœ ์ „์†ก๋œ๋‹ค. 

 

 

 

 

18. How source code works

source code๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” text ๋ฌธ์„œ์ด๋‹ค. 

 

interpreter language vs compiler language

์†Œ์Šค์ฝ”๋“œ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ interpreter์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ compiler๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, interpreter๋Š” js์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ชจ๋“  

์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์— ๋‚ด์žฅ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์–ธ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ , c++ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ปดํŒŒ์ผ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ๊ฐ€์•ผํ•˜๋Š” ์ฝ”๋“œ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. 

 

interpreter์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ ๊ณ  ๋”ฐ๋กœ ์ปดํŒŒ์ผ์„ ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค.

 

open source : ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌธ์„œ์™€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์†Œ์Šค์ฝ”๋“œ๊ฐ€ open๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์†Œ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. => ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ณ  ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ

ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

 

 

 

19. How variables work in code

var x = "briana";
console.log(x) //briana
console.log("x") //x

 

 

20. What do programmers do?

programmers are also sometimes called coders, developers software engineers

 

take ideas -> functional code

 

์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋Š” ์†Œ์Šค์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ ์œ„์—์„œ ์•„๋ž˜๋กœ ์ฐจ๋ก€๋กœ ์ฝ์–ด๋‚˜๊ฐ„๋‹ค.

 

 

 

21. Chrome Javascript Console and How logging works

์ž๋ฐ”์Šคํฌ๋ฆฝํŠธ์—์„œ ์ฝ˜์†”์€ ๋””๋ฒ„๊น…์— ์žˆ์–ด ์—†์–ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ๋˜๋Š” ๋„๊ตฌ์ด๋‹ค. (finding out where in your codes has

some problem)

 

.log => logging 

 

 

 

 

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Computer Science and Software Engineering Theory with Briana

 

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